Assertion (A): Autism is a developmental disability. Reason (R): Heredity and lower development of brain are causes of autism. Choose the correct A–R relationship.

Introduction / Context:This is an Assertion–Reason item. We must decide (1) the truth values of A and R, and (2) whether R provides a reasonable cause/explanation for A.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• (A): Autism is categorized as a developmental disability (affecting communication, behavior, and social interaction during developmental stages).
• (R): Hereditary (genetic) factors and atypical/altered neurodevelopment (described here as “lower development of brain”) are implicated in autism.

Concept / Approach:On the logical test, we do not need clinical depth—only whether the Reason broadly aligns as a plausible causal account of the Assertion. Autism is widely recognized as a developmental neurodivergence/disability, and genetic/neurodevelopmental etiologies are commonly discussed as contributing factors.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) Evaluate A: True. Autism spectrum conditions are developmental in nature.2) Evaluate R: Broadly true as a simplified statement of contributing causes (heritability and neurodevelopmental differences are central discussions).3) Does R explain A? Yes, R states causal bases that are consistent with A’s developmental characterization.

Verification / Alternative check:While real-world causation is multifactorial and complex, for exam logic the Reason adequately supports the Assertion.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options claiming falsehood of A or R contradict established understanding. A-true/R-false is incorrect because R is not contradicted by the premise of the item set.

Common Pitfalls:Demanding scientific precision beyond the scope of a reasoning test; here, we assess broad truth and explanatory relation.

Final Answer:Both (A) and (R) are true.