Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: Because a round cover cannot fall through its circular opening
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
The question about manhole covers is famous in job interviews, especially for engineering and technology roles. It looks like a simple question about shapes but actually tests your ability to reason about safety, practicality and geometry. Manholes provide access to underground utilities, so the design of the cover is important. This puzzle focuses on one crucial advantage of a circular cover over covers of other shapes like squares or rectangles.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Manholes are access points to underground tunnels or utility spaces.
- The opening of a manhole is usually circular.
- The cover must be removed and replaced many times by workers.
- Safety is very important, because a cover falling in could cause serious injury or damage.
Concept / Approach:
The key geometric idea is that a circle is the only simple shape which has the same width in every direction. For a circular manhole and a matching circular cover, no matter how you rotate the cover, its diameter is always larger than the diameter of the opening. This means that the cover cannot accidentally fall through the hole. By contrast, a square or rectangular cover can be turned diagonally, and in that orientation the diagonal length can be smaller than a particular dimension of the hole, potentially allowing it to slip through. Engineers choose round covers to eliminate that risk and to make handling easier and safer.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Recognise that the shape question is not only about style but also about function and safety.
2. Recall that a circle has constant width in all directions, unlike polygons with corners.
3. Consider the situation where a worker tilts or rotates the cover while removing or replacing it.
4. Observe that a circular cover, when aligned with a circular opening, cannot pass through no matter how it is rotated.
5. Conclude that the main advantage, and the core interview answer, is that a round cover cannot fall through its own opening.
Verification / Alternative check:
Imagine trying to lift a heavy circular cover. Even if you pull it slightly sideways or turn it while carrying it, there is no orientation in which it will drop through the circular manhole because its diameter is constant. Now imagine a square cover over a square opening. In the normal aligned position it sits safely. However, if rotated to a diagonal orientation, the distance between opposite edges can become small enough that one side might slip through if the opening is larger or worn. This mental experiment highlights the unique safety of the circular design and confirms why interviews emphasise this reason.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
It is not primarily about using less metal; for the same clear opening, a circular cover may even weigh more than some alternative shapes. Stacking round objects is not particularly easier than stacking flat squares. Modern machinery can easily cut many shapes, so manufacturing constraints are not the main explanation. Visibility can be improved with paint and markings and does not require a specific shape. Option A is the only one that captures the key practical and geometric reason taught in engineering discussions.
Common Pitfalls:
Some learners focus on secondary advantages, such as rolling a round cover instead of carrying it. While these points are sometimes mentioned, they are not as universal or important as the safety argument. Others give vague answers about tradition or design fashion, which show a lack of logical analysis. In reasoning based exams and interviews, it is essential to identify the single strongest reason that directly solves a safety or efficiency problem, rather than listing many loose possibilities.
Final Answer:
The most important practical reason is that a circular cover cannot accidentally drop through a matching circular hole, so the correct choice is Because a round cover cannot fall through its circular opening.
Discussion & Comments