Among the following personalities, who had not been conferred the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India, in the 2019 list of recipients?

Introduction / Context:
The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of India, given for exceptional service in art, literature, science, public service, or human advancement. In 2019, three individuals were selected to receive this honour. Many exam questions ask you to identify who did or did not receive the Bharat Ratna in a particular year. This question tests whether you know which of the listed personalities was not on the 2019 Bharat Ratna list, even though all of them are well known figures.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The focus is on the 2019 Bharat Ratna awardees.
• The options are Bhupen Hazarika, Nanaji Deshmukh, Pranab Mukherjee, and Kailash Satyarthi.
• You must identify the person who was not a recipient of the Bharat Ratna in that year.

Concept / Approach:
In 2019, the Government of India announced Bharat Ratna awards for three individuals: former President Pranab Mukherjee, social worker Nanaji Deshmukh (posthumously), and musician and singer Bhupen Hazarika (posthumously). Kailash Satyarthi, although a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and noted child rights activist, was not among the Bharat Ratna awardees in that year. Therefore, the correct approach is to identify which of the four names is not part of the trio announced in 2019.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall the Bharat Ratna list for 2019: Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh, and Bhupen Hazarika. Step 2: Compare this list with the options given in the question. Step 3: Note that Bhupen Hazarika, Nanaji Deshmukh, and Pranab Mukherjee all appear in both the options and the 2019 awardees list. Step 4: Observe that Kailash Satyarthi, while a major Indian figure, is not in the 2019 Bharat Ratna announcements. Step 5: Conclude that Kailash Satyarthi is the correct answer because he was not conferred the Bharat Ratna in that year.

Verification / Alternative check:
An alternative check is to remember that Kailash Satyarthi is especially associated with the Nobel Peace Prize, which he received in 2014 for his work to end child labour and exploitation. His name is strongly linked with that Nobel recognition rather than with the Bharat Ratna list. In contrast, news headlines about Bharat Ratna in 2019 consistently mention Pranab Mukherjee, Nanaji Deshmukh, and Bhupen Hazarika together, which reinforces the conclusion that Satyarthi is the odd one out.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Bhupen Hazarika: A legendary singer and composer from Assam who was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2019, so he cannot be the answer to who was not honoured.
Nanaji Deshmukh: A social worker and leader associated with rural development who was also posthumously conferred Bharat Ratna in 2019.

Pranab Mukherjee: Former President of India, honoured with Bharat Ratna in 2019 while he was alive, so he does not fit the not conferred condition.

Common Pitfalls:
A common error is to confuse major international awards with Indian national awards. Because Kailash Satyarthi is very famous for receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, some candidates vaguely remember he received a big award and mistakenly think it was Bharat Ratna in 2019. Another pitfall is to forget that multiple people can be honoured in the same year and to misremember one of the actual recipients as not having received the award. To avoid this, it helps to memorise the small group of names linked to each year.

Final Answer:
Among the given options, the person who was not conferred the Bharat Ratna in the 2019 list is Kailash Satyarthi.