Which of the following is an example of a labour law within the context of industrial relations?

Introduction / Context:
Labour law deals with the rights and obligations of workers, employers, and trade unions in the workplace. This question checks whether you can distinguish a true example of labour law from other types of regulations or economic phenomena that are not directly related to employment relationships.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- We are asked to identify an example of a labour law.- One option concerns residential zoning by a town government.- One option describes a legal restriction on the timing of union strikes.- Another option mentions a surplus of supply in a market, which is an economic condition.- The final option suggests that all of the above are labour laws.

Concept / Approach:
Labour law focuses on issues such as working hours, wages, safety conditions, union rights, collective bargaining and dispute resolution. A law that regulates how and when unions may call strikes clearly falls under labour legislation, because it governs collective action by workers. Zoning laws, by contrast, are land use regulations, and market surplus is simply an economic situation and not a law at all. Understanding the scope of labour law helps you select the correct option.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Examine option A. Zoning an area for residential buildings only is a planning and land use regulation, not a workplace or employment related law.Step 2: Examine option B. A restriction on when a union may call a strike controls the behaviour of workers and unions in the context of industrial disputes.Step 3: Recognise that such restrictions are typically part of labour or industrial relations statutes.Step 4: Examine option C. A surplus of supply is a market condition, not a legal rule.Step 5: Conclude that only option B fits the definition of a labour law, so option D (all of the above) must be incorrect.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, think of the typical topics covered in labour law courses or acts such as minimum wage law, Industrial Disputes Acts or Trade Union Acts. These include provisions on strikes, lockouts, collective bargaining and unfair labour practices. Zoning laws are studied under urban planning or municipal law, while surplus and shortage belong to basic economics. Since only one option matches the content of labour law, you can be confident that the restriction on union strike timing is the correct example.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A town zones an area for residential buildings only: This is town planning or land use regulation, not directly related to employment relations.A surplus of supply in a market: This describes an economic imbalance where supply exceeds demand; it is not legislation of any kind.All of the above: Incorrect because only one of the listed items is an actual labour law example.

Common Pitfalls:
Some students see the phrase all of the above and choose it without careful analysis, especially in conceptual questions. Others may think that any law affecting businesses, such as zoning, is a labour law, which is not correct. To avoid these mistakes, always ask yourself whether the rule in question directly affects the relationship between employees, employers and unions. If it does, it likely falls under labour law; if it does not, it belongs to another legal category.

Final Answer:
The correct example of a labour law among the options is a restriction on when a union may call a strike.