Sexual (genital) transmission of human viruses: which set is correct? Identify the most inclusive correct option regarding viruses transmitted through the genital route.

Introduction / Context:
Several clinically important viruses spread efficiently via sexual contact and genital secretions. Recognizing these pathogens is essential for counseling, prevention, and vaccination strategies. This question asks for the most inclusive correct statement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• HPV includes high-risk oncogenic types (for example, 16, 18) and low-risk wart-associated types (for example, 6, 11).
• HSV-2 commonly causes genital herpes; HSV-1 can also be genital via oral-genital contact.
• HBV is present in blood and bodily fluids, including semen and vaginal secretions.

Concept / Approach:
All three listed viruses can be transmitted sexually. Prevention includes barrier methods, vaccination where available (HBV, HPV), and risk-reduction counseling. Therefore, the comprehensive answer is “All of these.”

Step-by-Step Solution:
Confirm each virus has a recognized genital transmission route.Note that HPV and HBV have effective vaccines, reducing incidence and sequelae.Recognize HSV-2 lacks a vaccine; management relies on antivirals and prevention.Select the inclusive option.

Verification / Alternative check:
Public health guidelines list sexual transmission for HPV, HSV-2, and HBV, and recommend vaccination for eligible populations (HPV, HBV).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any single-virus option is incomplete; “None” is incorrect given well-documented sexual transmission of these viruses.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming HBV is only blood-borne. Sexual contact is a major transmission route for HBV globally.

Final Answer:
All of these.