Indian Steelmaking — Process at Rourkela Steel Plant Which steelmaking process is (or has historically been) adopted at the Rourkela Steel Plant for primary steel production?

Introduction / Context:
Modern integrated steel plants primarily use basic oxygen steelmaking, an advancement over earlier Bessemer and open-hearth processes. Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), one of India’s prominent public sector steelworks, is known for adopting the Linz–Donawitz (L-D) process.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Large-scale integrated plant with blast furnaces and basic oxygen converters.
• Historical shift worldwide from open-hearth to basic oxygen by the late 20th century.

Concept / Approach:
The L-D/basic oxygen process refines hot metal by blowing high-purity oxygen through a lance, rapidly reducing carbon and impurities. It offers faster turnaround, better chemistry control, and lower energy per ton compared to open-hearth.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify typical process at Indian integrated plants: basic oxygen converters.Match to options: “L-D process.”Select as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Public domain descriptions of RSP note BOF/L-D converters as the primary steelmaking route, with electric furnaces used mainly for special grades or secondary metallurgy.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Bessemer and crucible: obsolete for bulk steelmaking.
• Open-hearth: largely phased out due to energy and time penalties.
• Electric process: used, but not the main primary route for integrated hot-metal-based plants.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming all modern plants are EAF-based; integrated plants with ironmaking typically favor BOF/L-D converters.

Final Answer:
L-D process (basic oxygen steelmaking)