C#.NET — Identify valid ways to create an object of class Sample. Consider the following possibilities: Sample s = new Sample(); Sample s; Sample s; s = new Sample(); s = new Sample(); Which options correctly create an object?

Introduction / Context:
Creating objects in C#.NET requires instantiation with new. This problem distinguishes between merely declaring a reference and actually creating an instance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Sample is a reference type (class).
• We compare declaration vs instantiation.

Concept / Approach:
A declaration like Sample s; creates only a reference variable (initialized to null if it is a field, uninitialized if local). An object is created only when new Sample() is executed. You can create and assign in one step or two steps.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Attempt to access s after (2) without instantiation raises NullReferenceException if used; after (1) or (3) you have a real object.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They include cases that do not create an object or that use an undeclared identifier.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming declaration implies construction; in C# these are distinct steps (though they can be combined).

Final Answer:
1, 3