Space Sciences – Mapping the universe Which discipline is primarily concerned with the description and mapping of the principal features of the universe (catalogues, structures, positions), rather than with their physical origins?

Introduction / Context:
Astronomical sciences include both descriptive mapping of what is out there and theoretical study of why and how it came to be. Distinguishing these domains helps clarify historical and modern approaches to understanding the cosmos.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The focus is on description and mapping of the universe’s main features.
• We are not asked about origin, evolution, or dynamics.
• Discipline names are similar and can be confused.

Concept / Approach:
Cosmography emphasizes cataloguing and mapping celestial structures: stars, galaxies, clusters, and large-scale arrangements. Cosmology addresses origins, composition, evolution, and dynamics (e.g., big bang, dark matter/energy). Geomorphology belongs to Earth science (landform study) and is not a space discipline.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the task: descriptive mapping, not theory.Match term: cosmography corresponds to descriptive catalogs and maps.Eliminate look-alike but different fields: cosmology and geomorphology.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical usage places cosmography alongside cartography for celestial spheres and star atlases; modern analogues include large sky surveys and catalogs.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Cosmology: explanatory science of the universe’s origin and fate.
• Geomorphology: studies Earth’s landforms and processes, not cosmic mapping.
• None of these: incorrect because cosmography matches the description.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating cosmology with all astronomy; remember, cosmology is about causes and evolution, while cosmography is about description and mapping.

Final Answer:
Cosmography