For a JFET operated with VGS = 0 V (for example, an n-channel JFET at room temperature), which description best characterizes its operating state?

Introduction / Context:
Junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) are depletion-mode devices. With the gate-source junction reverse biased or at zero bias, the channel conducts and the drain current is set largely by geometry and doping (IDSS at VGS = 0). Understanding these regions is crucial for analog biasing and switching applications.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• VGS = 0 V.
• Typical n-channel JFET behavior (signs invert for p-channel).
• Standard region naming: “saturation” for the constant-current region beyond pinch-off in FET terminology.

Concept / Approach:
At VGS = 0 V, the JFET channel is fully open (no additional depletion from negative gate bias). With sufficient VDS, the device enters its constant-current region where ID ≈ IDSS. This region is called “saturation” for FETs (distinct from BJT saturation) and corresponds to current limited primarily by VGS, not VDS.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Set VGS = 0 V → channel at its widest for the device.Increase VDS past the pinch-off point → ID plateaus near IDSS.Operating description: saturated (constant-current region).

Verification / Alternative check:
Consult transfer curves ID vs. VGS: at VGS = 0, ID = IDSS. Output characteristics show flat ID vs. VDS beyond pinch-off, confirming the “saturated” label in FET nomenclature.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• An analog device: True but not a state/region.
• An open switch: Incorrect; conduction is maximum, not open.
• Cut off: Occurs when VGS is sufficiently negative (≈ VGS(off)), not at 0 V.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing FET saturation with BJT saturation (they refer to different behaviors).
• Assuming VGS = 0 means no conduction; for depletion devices it implies maximum conduction.

Final Answer:
saturated