Scope of water-carried sewerage systems: Which flows are removed by a water-carried sewerage system under combined or comprehensive schemes?

Introduction / Context:
Municipal sewerage may be designed as combined systems (carrying sanitary, industrial, and storm flows) or as separate systems (sanitary/industrial separate from stormwater). Understanding what a water-carried system can include is foundational to planning and design.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• General concept question about the scope of a sewerage system.
• “Water-carried” denotes pipe-conveyed flows.

Concept / Approach:
Combined systems carry sanitary (domestic), industrial wastewater, and storm runoff in the same conduits, whereas separate systems place storm drainage in a distinct network. The question asks about overall capability rather than a specific scheme, so the inclusive option is correct.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify standard categories: domestic, industrial, storm.2) Recognize that water-carried systems are built for any or all of these categories depending on local policy.3) Therefore, the comprehensive answer is that such systems remove all of these flows.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical cities widely used combined sewers; modern practice often adopts separate sewers but still uses water-carried pipes for each flow type.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Options A–C restrict the scope to a single category, which is incomplete.Option E: Groundwater is not intentionally carried; infiltration is a nuisance flow.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing “combined” with “water-carried”—the former is a configuration, the latter is a conveyance mode.
• Assuming industrial discharges are always prohibited; many are accepted with pretreatment.

Final Answer:
All of the above (domestic, industrial, and storm flows)