Vertical transport of bulk materials: which option lists equipment capable of truly vertical conveying in plants?

Introduction / Context:
Bulk solids handling requires moving materials not only horizontally but also vertically between floors or process stages. Selecting the right vertical conveying equipment improves reliability, containment, and footprint.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pneumatic conveyors can be arranged as vertical risers.
• Bucket elevators are classic vertical lifts for granular solids.
• Apron conveyors are primarily horizontal/inclined with mechanical flights.

Concept / Approach:
Bucket elevators use buckets attached to a belt or chain to lift bulk solids vertically, discharging by centrifugal or gravity action. Pneumatic conveyors move solids suspended in air through pipelines; vertical risers are common in dilute or dense phase systems. Apron conveyors, although robust, are not intended for true vertical lifts.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify equipment with vertical capability: bucket elevators and pneumatic conveyors.Exclude apron conveyor: mainly horizontal or modest incline.Select "both(b)&(c)" as the correct choice.

Verification / Alternative check:
Vendor datasheets specify vertical lift heights for bucket elevators and pressure/vacuum risers for pneumatic systems.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Apron conveyors are heavy-duty horizontal/low-incline devices; not suitable for vertical transport.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing inclined conveyors with vertical lifts; vertical conveying imposes distinct design constraints (seal, slip, backflow).

Final Answer:
both(b)&(c)