Question 1

Verification of truth – "A book always has ____." Identify the unavoidable component.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Books may omit chapters, pictures, or even a printed contents page, but they must consist of pages (physical or paginated in traditional sense for printed books; exam convention assumes print). Final Answer: Pages

Question 2

Verification of truth – "A clock always has ____." Select the feature assumed in standard exam convention.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Although digital clocks exist, traditional exam convention treats “clock” as an analog timepiece with hands (needles). Batteries and alarms are optional; numbers may be absent on minimalist dials. Final Answer: Needles

Question 3

Verification of truth – "A car always has ____." Choose the part present in all cars.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: We seek a structural component of cars. “Driver” is a person, not a component; “dicky” (trunk) and “bumper” vary in form across models/regions, but a hood/bonnet covering the front or rear engine bay is standard in passenger cars. Final Answer: Bonnet

Question 4

Verification of truth — necessary attribute: A tree always has which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Verification-of-truth questions ask for an attribute that is always present in the given object or concept, not something that is common, frequent, or typical. For “tree,” we must identify a feature that is structurally essential in all normal cases. Given Data / Assumptions: The term “tree” refers to the biological plant form (a woody perennial with a main stem/trunk), not to special cases like artificial trees or purely metaphorical uses. We consider necessary botanical structure, not seasonal/contingent features. Concept / Approach: Trees are vascular plants with a root system (below ground), a stem/trunk (above ground), and a crown (branches/leaves). Of these, roots are fundamental for anchorage and absorption. Leaves and fruits are common but not universal at all times (e.g., deciduous trees may lack leaves seasonally; many trees do not bear fruit every season). Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify candidates that might fail sometimes (leaves, fruits, branches can be pruned or absent seasonally).2) Recognize the invariant: the root system is essential and present for survival and structural support.3) Select the option that captures the necessary attribute: “Roots.” Verification / Alternative check: If a tree loses leaves (winter) or is a juvenile with no fruit, it remains a tree; if it has no roots (as a living plant), it cannot function as a tree. Thus roots are the reliable invariant. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Branches: Young or pollarded trees may temporarily lack obvious branching. Leaves: Deciduous species shed leaves seasonally. Fruits: Not present on all species or at all times. None of these: Incorrect because “Roots” is always present. Common Pitfalls: Selecting “leaves” due to everyday observation, forgetting seasonal leaf drop. Final Answer: Roots

Question 5

Verification of truth — necessary attribute: An oasis always has what essential feature?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: “Oasis” is a geographic term for a fertile spot in a desert where water is found. The task is to identify the necessary attribute that must be present for the location to qualify as an oasis. Given Data / Assumptions: We use the standard geographical definition: an oasis exists because of water emerging (e.g., spring, well, aquifer-fed area) enabling vegetation. Optional or culturally associated elements (caravans, camels) are not definitional. Concept / Approach: Test each option against the definition: Is it possible to have an oasis without that feature? Only “water” is indispensable. Sand, travelers, or camels may be absent; “sand” is common in deserts but not what constitutes the oasis itself. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Define “oasis”: fertile desert area due to water availability.2) Match options: only “Water” is necessary and sufficient (with context) to define an oasis.3) Choose “Water.” Verification / Alternative check: Remove water → fertility disappears → not an oasis. Remove camels/travelers/sand → can still remain an oasis if water persists. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Travelers/Camels: Historical association, not definitional. Sand: Deserts vary (gravel/rock), and the “oasis” part is defined by water and vegetation. None of these: Incorrect because water is essential. Common Pitfalls: Choosing “Sand” by associating oasis with sandy deserts; the key is water. Final Answer: Water

Question 6

Verification of truth — necessary attribute: A “scenery” (as a visual scene or landscape) always has what essential feature?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here, “scenery” refers to a visual scene/landscape or its depiction (e.g., in art or stage design). The question asks for a feature that must always be present, irrespective of the particular content (mountain, river) or medium (painting vs. natural view). Given Data / Assumptions: “Scenery” is about the arrangement of visual elements within a view or representation. Specific objects (mountains, rivers) are optional; materials like “paints” apply only to painted representations. Concept / Approach: The essential property of any visual scene is that it comprises an arrangement/organization of elements—i.e., a composition. Whether the scene includes mountains, rivers, plains, or cityscapes, there is always a compositional structure (foreground/background, forms, lines, masses, balance). Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Eliminate medium-specific items (e.g., “Paints”). Not all scenery is painted.2) Eliminate particular content (mountains/rivers). Many valid sceneries lack these.3) Identify the invariant property—organized arrangement: “Composition.” Verification / Alternative check: Consider a seascape, forest, desert, or urban skyline; each differs in content, but all have some arrangement of visual elements—hence composition exists in every case. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Paints: Only for artworks, not for natural scenery. Mountains / Rivers: Optional elements; many scenes have neither. None of these: Incorrect because “Composition” is universal. Common Pitfalls: Equating “scenery” exclusively with mountainous landscapes. Final Answer: Composition

Question 7

Verification of truth — necessary attribute: A cupboard always has what essential part?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: We must decide which component is intrinsic to the very idea of a “cupboard.” Everyday usage distinguishes a cupboard (an enclosed storage cabinet) from open shelving or racks. Given Data / Assumptions: “Cupboard” denotes an enclosed storage piece or recess fitted with doors. Internal configuration (shelves, bolts) varies; contents (clothes) are not definitional. Concept / Approach: Identify what differentiates a cupboard from other storage: enclosure via a door. Shelves may be present but are not mandatory; many cupboards have hanging space or bins. A bolt/lock is optional security hardware. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Exclude contents (“Clothes”)—not definitional.2) Exclude optional hardware (“Bolt”).3) Recognize “Door” as the essential enclosing feature. Verification / Alternative check: Remove the door and the unit becomes an open shelf; with a door, it meets the cupboard definition even without shelves. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Clothes: Cupboards can store many items, not only clothes. Shelf: Some cupboards are for hanging/storage without shelves. Bolt: Optional. None of these: Incorrect since “Door” is required. Common Pitfalls: Assuming shelves are mandatory; design varies widely. Final Answer: Door

Question 8

Verification of truth — always-with relationship: Which of the following is always associated with a bargain?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: “Bargain” refers to a negotiated transaction. The question seeks the element that must always be present whenever a bargain occurs. Given Data / Assumptions: A bargain involves parties agreeing to give something and receive something in return—price concessions, terms, or items. Stylistic or subjective qualities (eloquence, sumptuousness, triviality) are not essential to the act itself. Concept / Approach: Identify the invariant: an act of exchange (goods-for-money, goods-for-goods, or services-for-consideration) under negotiated terms. Without exchange, there is no bargain. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Define “bargain” → negotiated agreement to exchange.2) Map options to definition → only “Exchange” is necessary.3) Select “Exchange.” Verification / Alternative check: Any practical example of bargaining—market haggling, contract negotiation—culminates in an exchange of consideration. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sumptuousness: Luxury is unrelated to the bargaining act. Triviality: Value can be high or low; not required. Eloquence: Negotiation may be persuasive or terse; eloquence is optional. None of these: Incorrect because “Exchange” is essential. Common Pitfalls: Confusing persuasive style with the core mechanics of bargaining. Final Answer: Exchange

Question 9

Verification of truth — necessary content: A newspaper always has what essential element?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: We are to identify the element that must be present for something to count as a “newspaper,” independent of medium (print/digital), staffing model, or revenue model. Given Data / Assumptions: “Newspaper” is defined by its function—producing and presenting news and related reporting on a regular schedule. Advertising and staffing vary; digital versions may not be literally on paper. Concept / Approach: The core of a newspaper is the dissemination of news. Whether physically printed on paper or published online, the defining content is news. Ads, editors, and even the physical “paper” medium, while common historically, are not logically necessary in all cases. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Check medium dependence: “Paper” fails for digital newspapers.2) Check staffing variability: Publications can operate without a distinct “editor” role named, though most have one; not logically required.3) Identify functional essence: “News.” Verification / Alternative check: Consider a digital news outlet updated hourly: it is a newspaper in function without physical paper; remove news and it is not a newspaper, regardless of ads/editors. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Advertisement: Common but not essential. Editor: Typical role, not definitional. Paper: Historically common, not required today. None of these: Incorrect because “News” is essential. Common Pitfalls: Equating the historical print medium with the modern definition. Final Answer: News

Question 10

Verification of truth — necessary condition: A disease always has what necessary element?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The question targets the logically necessary condition for the existence of a disease. Medical philosophy recognizes that every disease state has an etiology (cause), even if unknown. Given Data / Assumptions: “Disease” encompasses infectious, genetic, metabolic, autoimmune, degenerative, etc. We seek what must exist for a disease to occur, not what often accompanies it. Concept / Approach: Some diseases are incurable (so “cure” is not universal). Treatment (“medicine”) is not always present. Not all diseases are caused by “germs” (pathogens); many are non-infectious. However, every disease has some cause (etiology), whether microbial, genetic mutation, deficiency, trauma, or multifactorial. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Test universality of each option.2) Only “Cause” applies to all disease classes.3) Select “Cause.” Verification / Alternative check: Consider scurvy (deficiency of vitamin C), sickle cell disease (genetic), and influenza (viral). Each has a cause, but not necessarily a cure/medicine at all times, and not all involve germs. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cure: Not universal. Medicine: Not necessary for the disease to exist. Germs: Only for infectious etiologies. None of these: Incorrect; “Cause” is necessary. Common Pitfalls: Equating “disease” with only infectious disease. Final Answer: Cause

Question 11

Verification of truth — necessary part: A mountain always has what defining feature?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: We must isolate a feature that defines a mountain regardless of climate, latitude, or human presence. Given Data / Assumptions: “Mountain” is a natural elevation of the earth’s surface rising conspicuously and having a summit/peak. Ancillary geographic features (nearby valleys) or climatic conditions (snow cover) are not guaranteed. Concept / Approach: The essential geometric characteristic is a highest point—its peak (summit). Snow may be absent (tropics/low elevation). Rangers are personnel, not a landform feature. Valleys are adjacent low areas and may or may not be present distinctly nearby. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Check invariants: every mountain has a highest point.2) Eliminate contingent or external elements (snow, ranger, valley).3) Choose “Peak.” Verification / Alternative check: Mountains are often mapped by summits; peak naming/coordinates define the mountain’s identity—confirming its universality. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ranger: Human role, not intrinsic. Snow: Climatic/seasonal. Valley: Possible but not required next to every mountain. None of these: Incorrect because “Peak” is defining. Common Pitfalls: Associating mountains with snow due to iconic imagery. Final Answer: Peak

Question 12

Verification of truth — necessary component: A window always has what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Unlike “cupboard,” the term “window” is broader and refers to an opening that admits light/air and often allows viewing. The question is which of the listed components a window must always have. Given Data / Assumptions: Windows can be glazed or unglazed, grilled or not, curtained or bare, depending on culture, climate, and design. We are testing universality, not typicality. Concept / Approach: Check each candidate for universal necessity. “Curtain” is decorative/functional but optional. “Panes” (glass) are common but not required; many traditional windows lack glazing. “Grill” is a security element, not universal. Hence none of the given components is mandatory in all windows. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Evaluate “Curtain” → optional furnishing.2) Evaluate “Panes” → design-dependent; not universal.3) Evaluate “Grill” → security feature; not universal.4) Conclude: “None of these.” Verification / Alternative check: Consider vernacular architecture (unglazed openings) or modern designs (frameless openings); the listed parts are not guaranteed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Curtain/Panes/Grill: Each is optional depending on context. All of these: Overstates necessity; false. Common Pitfalls: Assuming glass panes are definitional; they are prevalent but not logically required. Final Answer: None of these

Question 13

Verification of truth — must-have relationship: A child must have had which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item asks for a condition that is necessarily true for the existence of a child, independent of culture, economics, or social circumstances. Given Data / Assumptions: “Child” refers to a human offspring. We are considering biological necessity, not social opportunities or possessions. Concept / Approach: By biological reproduction, every child necessarily has parents (at minimum, a biological mother and father, or donor equivalents). Toys, friends, and formal education are culturally contingent and not guaranteed. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Evaluate each option for universality across all societies and times.2) Only “parents” is universally necessary for a child’s existence.3) Select “parents.” Verification / Alternative check: Even in exceptional reproductive technologies, the concept of parentage (genetic/gestational) persists; friendships, toys, and schooling vary widely. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Toys: Not necessary. Friends: Not guaranteed. Education: Access varies; not universal. None of these: Incorrect since “parents” is necessary. Common Pitfalls: Confusing common childhood experiences with definitional necessities. Final Answer: parents

Question 14

A tree always has which of the following_______

Accepted Answer

Roots

Question 15

A scenery always has ________

Accepted Answer

Composition

Question 16

Some mangoes are yellow. Some tixo are mangoes. Conclusions: (i) Some mangoes are green. (ii) Tixo is a yellow.

Accepted Answer

Neither (i) nor (ii) follows

Question 17

1.Water boils at 100 degree C 2.Water freezes at 0 degree C Conclusion: At low pressure ,water boils at lower temperature The conclusion drawn is

Accepted Answer

It is irrelavent

Question 18

Atmosphere always has

Accepted Answer

Clearly, though all the alternatives may form a part of the atmosphere, the air is the most vital part, without which there can be no atmosphere. So, the answer is (b).

Question 19

Hydrogen is lighter than Hydrogen .Hydrogen is lighter than helium.Therefore,Oxygen is the heaviest of the three gases

Accepted Answer

Can't say

Question 20

The presence ofcalcium in milk makes it white.Rice,too,is white.Therefore rice also contains calcium

Accepted Answer

Can't say

Verification of Truth Questions