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Cause–Effect reasoning: Identify the relationship between Statement I and Statement II. S1: The Government has decided to hold a single entrance test for admission to all medical colleges in India. S2: The State Government has debarred students from other States from applying for seats in the State's medical colleges. Choose the correct cause–effect option.

Difficulty: Medium

Statement I is the cause and Statement II is its effect.
Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.
Both statements I and II are independent causes.
Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
Both statements I and II are effects of a common cause.

Correct Answer: Both statements I and II are independent causes.

Explanation:

Given data

S1: A central policy decision about a single (national) medical entrance test.
S2: A separate State policy to restrict out-of-state applicants.

Concept / Approach
Each statement describes a policy decision that can independently cause downstream outcomes. Neither is stated as a response to the other; their intents and jurisdictions differ (central vs state).

Step-by-step check of options
A/B: No explicit or necessary causal link from one policy to the other. ✖ C: Both are policy decisions that independently act as causes for distinct effects. ✔ D/E: They are not effects; they are causes themselves. ✖

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