Cause and Effect: I) The colony’s residents’ society has decided to post volunteers to keep vigil at night. II) The police have failed to control petty thefts in the city.
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AIf statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
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BIf statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
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CIf both statements I and II are independent causes
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DIf both statements I and II are effects of independent causes
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
Explanation
Introduction / Context:We test whether a perceived lapse in policing plausibly causes residents to institute their own vigil, or the reverse. Community self-help measures typically arise in response to a felt gap in enforcement.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- I: Residents decide on night vigilance.
- II: Police failed to control petty thefts.
- Residents act to address a safety problem.
Concept / Approach:The natural sequence is II → I: enforcement failure motivates community action. The opposite (I → II) would suggest community patrols cause police failure, which is illogical.
Step-by-Step Solution:1) II → I: Clear rationale—residents compensate for inadequate policing by deploying volunteers.2) I → II: No rationale—volunteers do not cause prior police failures.
Verification / Alternative check:Real-world patterns align with the chosen direction.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:They either invert the causal flow or presume unrelatedness despite the evident linkage.
Common Pitfalls:Overlooking obvious response–countermeasure relationships.
Final Answer:If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect