Question 1

Assertion–Reason (Vehicular emissions as an environmental concern) Assertion (A): Vehicular emissions are a cause of concern for environmentalists. Reason (R1): Emissions contain several gases and particulates that are harmful to human health. Reaso…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Environmental concern around transport arises from toxicity and scale. This item asks whether toxicity (R1) and elevated urban levels (R2) together justify the assertion (A). Given Data / Assumptions: A: Vehicular emissions are concerning. R1: Composition includes harmful gases/particulates. R2: Urban emission levels often become high (density of vehicles, congestion patterns). Concept / Approach: Risk = hazard × exposure. R1 states the hazard; R2 describes higher exposure contexts. Both combine to elevate risk and justify the concern in A. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) R1 addresses harmfulness → reason for concern.2) R2 addresses magnitude/frequency of exposure in cities → amplifies concern.3) Hence, both (R1) and (R2) are valid reasons. Verification / Alternative check: Health studies link traffic emissions to cardiopulmonary morbidity; urban peaks are consistently documented—aligning with R1 and R2. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A or B alone under-explain; D ignores both hazard and exposure. Common Pitfalls: Forgetting that concern rises with both danger and dose. Final Answer: If both (R1) and (R2) are reasons for the assertion (A).

Question 2

Assertion–Reason (Film awards skew to Bengali cinema) Assertion (A): At a regional-language film awards ceremony, most prizes were won by Bengali films. Reason (R1): Bengal has a long and distinguished tradition of art and culture. Reason (R2): Beng…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This Assertion–Reason item contrasts a qualitative explanation (historic art/culture tradition) with a quantitative demographic claim (numbers of speakers) to account for awards outcomes. Given Data / Assumptions: A: Bengali films garnered most prizes at a regional awards event. R1: Bengal’s artistic tradition is old and rich, plausibly supporting strong film-making. R2: Bengali is widely spoken globally (a population claim). Concept / Approach: Awards are based on quality criteria (direction, screenplay, acting, etc.), not the global count of language speakers. A deep artistic tradition (R1) can plausibly correlate with stronger output/quality in cinema, aligning with A. R2 is largely irrelevant to juried awards quality decisions. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Evaluate R1: Cultural infrastructure, training, and legacy can lift film craft—credible reason.2) Evaluate R2: Speaker population size does not determine artistic merit at a given event.3) Therefore, only R1 explains A. Verification / Alternative check: Past recognition of Bengali cinema’s auteurs and schools supports the plausibility of R1 as an explanatory factor. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B misattributes causation; C claims both are reasons; D ignores R1’s relevance. Common Pitfalls: Confusing market size with award merit. Final Answer: If only reason 1 (R1) and not reason 2 (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).

Question 3

Assertion–Reason (North Indian rivers flood in summer) Assertion (A): Most rivers in the North Indian plains experience flooding during the summer season. Reason (R1): Many rivers originate in the Himalayas and are fed by melting snow. Reason (R2): …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Flood seasonality in North Indian plains reflects dual inputs: Himalayan snowmelt and monsoon rainfall. The item asks if both reasons explain observed summer flooding. Given Data / Assumptions: A: Summer flooding is common. R1: Snowmelt augments discharge from Himalayan catchments. R2: Monsoon rains peak in summer, further increasing flows. Concept / Approach: Hydrographs in snow–monsoon regimes show combined contributions. When both inputs overlap temporally, peak flows and flood probability rise. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) R1 adds sustained baseflow and diurnal melt pulses.2) R2 adds intense rainfall-runoff, sometimes overwhelming river capacity.3) Superposition of inputs explains seasonal floods—thus both reasons are valid. Verification / Alternative check: Historical flood records align with monsoon onset and elevated melt periods. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A/B understate the dual-driver nature; D contradicts hydrology. Common Pitfalls: Treating snowmelt and monsoon as mutually exclusive. Final Answer: If both (R1) and (R2) are reasons for the assertion (A).

Question 4

Assertion–Reason (Why do icebergs float?) Assertion (A): Icebergs, a solid form of water, float on seawater. Reason (R1): About two-thirds of an iceberg is below water and one-third above the surface. Reason (R2): Icebergs are heavier than water and…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Floating is governed by relative density and buoyancy, not by post-hoc descriptions of how much is submerged. This question probes correct physical reasoning. Given Data / Assumptions: A: Icebergs float. R1: About two-thirds submerged and one-third above (a description/observation, not a cause). R2: “Icebergs are heavier than water” (factually incorrect; ice is less dense than liquid water). Concept / Approach: Buoyancy states that an object floats when its average density is less than the fluid’s density. Sea ice/icebergs (density ~0.92 g/cm^3) are less dense than seawater (~1.025 g/cm^3), hence they float. R1 is an effect/ratio of buoyant equilibrium, not the reason. R2 contradicts the density condition for floating. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Evaluate R1: It reports the floating geometry but does not explain why floating occurs.2) Evaluate R2: If an iceberg were heavier (denser) than water, it would sink; therefore R2 is false as a reason.3) Neither R1 nor R2 serves as the causal explanation. Verification / Alternative check: The correct reason would be “Ice is less dense than seawater; buoyant force balances weight at partial submergence.” Why Other Options Are Wrong: A/B/C wrongly confer causal status to a description or a false statement. Common Pitfalls: Confusing observed proportions (how much shows above water) with the underlying cause (density difference). Final Answer: If neither (R1) nor (R2) is the reason for the assertion (A).

Question 5

Assertion (A): People in high altitude areas, such as Ladakh, are unable to work long hours or do heavy labour. Reason (R1): The cold climate makes them lethargic. Reason (R2): Thin air makes them tired even when doing light tasks.

Accepted Answer

Only R2 is correct.

Question 6

Assertion (A): The Moon appears bigger than the Sun. Reason (R1): The Moon is bigger in size than the Sun. Reason (R2): The Sun is bigger in size than the Moon.

Accepted Answer

The Sun is bigger in size than the Moon, but that is not the reason for the Moon to appear bigger. it is proximity of the Moon to the Earth.

Question 7

Assertion (A): A number of institutions give awards to prominent persons for their accomplishment in the fields of arts, culture and literature. Reason (R1): Art and culture needs to be encouraged in order to get more talent into the fields and to e…

Accepted Answer

Both reasons contribute to the assertion.

Question 8

Assertion (A): Politicians often take recourse to astrological predictions while taking important decisions. Reason (R1): A political career is full of uncertainties and luck. Reason (R2): Politicians are not educated enough and are therefore supers…

Accepted Answer

R2 is incorrect and R1 is the right reason for the assertion.

Question 9

Assertion (A): There are more women's beauty parlous than there are men's saloons Reason (R1): More number of men consider themselves good looking than the number of women. Reason (R2): The population of women is larger than that of men.

Accepted Answer

R2 is incorrect and R1 is unverified and not a reason for the assertion.

Question 10

Assertion (A): All banks will now be closed for the entire day on second and fourth Saturdays of a month. Reason (R1): The business of banks has seen a steady decline in the last one decade. Reason (R2): The holiday does not affect much work beacaus…

Accepted Answer

This must be one of the reasons helping in talking the decision of keeping the banks closed on these Saturdays.

Question 11

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : Pressure cookers are fitted with ebonite handles. Reason (R) : Ebonite is strong.

Accepted Answer

The handles of pressure cookers are made of ebonite because it being a bad conductor of heat, does not heat up.

Question 12

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : Diamond is used for cutting glass. Reason (R) : Diamond has a high refractive index.

Accepted Answer

Diamond is very hard due to its rigid three dimensional structure and so, it is used for cutting glass. Refractive index of diamond is high and gives it the greater transparency and brilliance.

Question 13

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : Pluto is the coldest planet Reason (R) : It receives slanting rays of- the sun.

Accepted Answer

Pluto, being farthest from the sun, hardly gets the sun's rays. So, Pluto is the coldest planet.

Question 14

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : Eskimos reside in igloos. Reason (R) : No other material except snow is available.

Accepted Answer

Eskimos live in snow houses called igloos because snow, being a bad conductor of heat, these houses are warm inside.

Question 15

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion(A) : Bangladesh imports jute from India. Reason (R) : Bangladesh has most of the jute mills.

Accepted Answer

When Bangladesh was created after partition of India, the areas of jute production went to Bangladesh while the jute mills were left in India. So, India imports raw jute from Bangladesh.

Question 16

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : Simla is colder than Delhi. Reason (R) : Simla is at a higher altitude as compared to Delhi.

Accepted Answer

Simla is colder than Delhi because it is situated at a higher altitude and temperature decreases by 1°C for every 165 metres of ascent

Question 17

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : We prefer to wear white clothes in winter. Reason (R) : White clothes are good reflectors of heat.

Accepted Answer

We prefer to wear dark clothes in winter because they absorb the heat and keep the body warm. However, white clothes are good reflectors of heat and are worn in summer.

Question 18

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion(A) : Graphite is slippery and used as a lubricant. Reason (R) : Graphite has free electrons.

Accepted Answer

Graphite possesses a layer structure with two successive layers held by weak forces and able to slide over one another. So, graphite is slippery and this property finds its use as a lubricant. In graphite, each carbon atom is linked to three other carbon atoms while one electron in the carbon atom is delocalised. So, graphite has free electrons

Question 19

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : When the bus starts, the person inside it falls forward. Reason (R) : The bus pushes the man forward.

Accepted Answer

When the bus starts, the person inside it falls backward because the bus moves forward but due to the property of inertia, the man tends to be in the initial Mate of rest.

Question 20

Directions : For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) below, choose the correct alternative Assertion (A) : We feel comfortable in hot and humid climate. Reason (R) : Sweat evaporates faster in humid climate.

Accepted Answer

We feel uncomfortable in hut and humid climate because in hot weather, body sweats more but due to high humidity, this sweat does not evaporate easily.

Assertion and Reason Questions