In computer software taxonomy, the two broad categories are application software and which other foundational category that manages hardware and core services?

Introduction / Context:
This question checks whether you can distinguish the two highest-level categories used to organize software. Application software serves user tasks, while the complementary category controls hardware resources and provides essential services that applications use.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Applications include word processors, browsers, CAD tools, and email clients.
• The other category must include operating systems and core utilities.
• Classification should be independent of brand or platform.

Concept / Approach:
Map the role of software layers. Applications depend on a lower layer that abstracts hardware, schedules processes, manages memory, handles files, and coordinates I/O devices. That foundational layer is system software.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Any application needs an environment such as Windows, Linux, or Android, plus libraries, runtime loaders, and drivers. These components are classed as system software, confirming the classification.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• CAD software: this is a domain-specific application, not a foundational layer.
• high-level languages: these are tools and language specifications, not a runtime system category.
• UNIX software: this is platform specific and mixes both system and application items.
• None of the above: incorrect because system software is the standard category.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing programming languages or development tools with categories of deployed software, and equating a platform brand with a taxonomy term.

Final Answer:
system software