Tool life dependence: According to practical machining experience and Taylor’s equation, tool life is __________ cutting speed.

Introduction / Context:
Tool life is a primary economic and quality metric in machining. The classic Taylor tool life equation formalizes how tool life varies with cutting speed and other factors. Understanding this dependency guides reliable process planning.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional turning or similar cutting process.
• Other variables (feed, depth, tool and work materials) are held comparable.
• We refer to the qualitative dependence, not exact exponents.

Concept / Approach:
Taylor’s tool life equation is commonly stated as V * T^n = C, where V is cutting speed, T is tool life, n is an exponent depending on tool/work pair, and C is a constant. This shows an inverse relationship between speed and life: as speed increases, tool life decreases rapidly.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Shop data consistently show accelerated flank wear and crater wear at higher speeds for the same feed and depth, confirming dependence.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Independent of” contradicts extensive empirical and theoretical evidence.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming only speed matters; in reality, feed, depth, tool grade, and coolant also influence T, but speed is the dominant factor in most cases.

Final Answer:
dependant upon