Shaper kinematics: In a standard shaper, which element reciprocates during cutting while the other stays stationary?

Introduction / Context:
A shaper is used to produce flat surfaces by a single-point tool attached to a ram. Knowing the basic motion scheme is essential to understand stroke settings, feeds, and productivity.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional horizontal shaper with a ram and tool head.
• Work is clamped on the table or vice.
• Feed is provided by incremental table movement between strokes.

Concept / Approach:
The shaper operates with a reciprocating ram carrying the tool. The cutting happens primarily on the forward stroke (quick-return mechanisms shorten the return). The work remains stationary during each stroke, except for a small indexing feed after each cycle.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Observation of any standard shaper confirms the reciprocating tool motion and fixed work during strokes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They contradict the basic design of the shaper where the tool, not the work, performs the reciprocating motion.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing a shaper with a planer; in planers, the worktable reciprocates while the tool is stationary except for feed.

Final Answer:
Work is stationary and tool reciprocates