Piping materials selection: Which pipe materials are commonly used for water, steam, oil, and gas service in general industrial and building applications?

Introduction / Context:
Material selection for piping depends on pressure, temperature, and fluid compatibility. Historically and currently, ferrous pipes such as steel and wrought iron have been widely used for services like water, steam, oil, and gas due to strength and temperature capability.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Mediums include water, steam, oil, and gas.
• Service may involve elevated pressures and temperatures (especially steam).
• We are identifying commonly used materials, not specialized alloys.

Concept / Approach:
Steel pipe (carbon or low-alloy) handles a wide range of pressures and temperatures and is weldable and threadable. Historically, wrought iron pipe was also used for similar services. Nonmetallic options like PVC are unsuitable for steam and many oil service conditions due to temperature and chemical limitations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Consult typical piping standards; carbon steel pressure piping is standard for steam and oil/gas distribution.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Wrought iron or copper: Copper is not typically used for high-pressure steam or oil transmission in industrial settings.
• PVC or steel: PVC is unsuitable for steam and many oil service temperatures.
• Copper or PVC: Same limitations; not broadly appropriate for the full set of media listed.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming a single material fits all conditions; real projects require checking pressure-temperature ratings and codes, but among the choices, steel/wrought iron is the standard general answer.

Final Answer:
Steel or wrought iron