Speeding up spring/filled thermometers — what <em>not</em> to put in the well? To improve response speed, the clearance between a pressure spring liquid/gas expansion thermometer bulb and its thermowell is often filled with a good heat-transfer medium. Which of the following should <em>not</em> be used as the fill material?

Introduction / Context:
Spring/filled (bulb) thermometers rely on heat transfer from process fluid to the bulb, then to the working fluid that expands. Any thermal resistance in the conduction path slows the instrument’s response. The small annular gap between the bulb and the thermowell can be improved by filling it with a thermally conductive material — but only if that material enhances heat transfer, not insulates it.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Gap exists between bulb and well wall.
• Goal is faster response (lower lag), not long-term drift considerations.
• Material must have higher thermal conductivity than stagnant air.

Concept / Approach:
Air is a poor thermal conductor and also allows natural convection pockets, both of which increase thermal resistance and response lag. Conversely, liquids (oils, mercury where permitted), metal powders, graphite, or purpose-made thermal pastes enhance conduction and reduce the dead-space effect. Therefore, to speed response, do not leave the gap filled with air; choose a better heat-transfer medium compatible with the process and safety standards.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Instrument installation guides recommend thermal grease or conductive fills in wells specifically to avoid air gaps and to improve dynamic response time.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “empty space” is neutral; in fact, trapped air is a significant insulator and degrades response badly.

Final Answer:
air