Thermocouples — name of the generated voltage: The voltage produced by a thermocouple due to a temperature difference across its junctions is called the _________.

Introduction / Context:
Thermocouples are temperature sensors formed by joining two dissimilar metals. When the junctions are at different temperatures, a small voltage is generated. Correct terminology helps distinguish thermoelectric effects (Seebeck, Peltier, Thomson) and understand compensation methods in practical circuits.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two junctions: measuring (hot) and reference (cold) junction.
• Temperature difference ΔT produces a millivolt-level output.
• Open-circuit behavior is considered; loading is negligible.

Concept / Approach:
The Seebeck effect states that a temperature gradient along dissimilar metals produces an electromotive force. The resulting EMF is called the Seebeck voltage (approximately proportional to ΔT within a range for each thermocouple type). Cold-junction compensation is applied in instruments to account for the reference junction temperature, but the fundamental generated EMF remains the Seebeck voltage.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Reference tables list Seebeck coefficients (µV/°C) for Type K, J, T, etc., used to compute the thermocouple output versus temperature difference.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Hot/cold junction voltage: Informal descriptions, not the effect’s formal name.
• Hooke voltage: Hooke’s law concerns springs, not thermoelectricity.
• Peltier bias: Peltier effect concerns heating/cooling at a junction under current, not open-circuit EMF.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing Seebeck (voltage due to ΔT) with Peltier (heat flow due to current) and Thomson (distributed thermoelectric heating/cooling in a single conductor with ΔT and current).

Final Answer:
Seebeck voltage.