Thermistor applications in electronics Thermistors (temperature-sensitive resistors) are commonly used for which of the following purposes?

Introduction / Context:
Thermistors exhibit a strong, predictable change of resistance with temperature. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors decrease in resistance with rising temperature, while positive temperature coefficient (PTC) types increase. Their sensitivity enables a broad range of sensing and control applications in consumer, industrial, and medical electronics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard NTC or PTC thermistors operated within rated temperature ranges.
• Appropriate conditioning circuitry (bridge, linearization, or threshold detection) is available.
• Ambient environments do not exceed device limits.

Concept / Approach:

Because resistance varies strongly and monotonically with temperature, thermistors can measure temperature (convert R(T) to T), control temperature (feedback to heaters/coolers), and provide over-temperature alarms (threshold comparators). PTC thermistors also serve as resettable protectors and inrush current limiters, while NTC thermistors are common in precision sensing and compensation networks.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Application notes from sensor manufacturers demonstrate accuracy from ±0.1 to ±0.5 °C after calibration, confirming suitability across measurement, control, and alarm roles.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each single option lists only one capability; thermistors perform all of them, making the comprehensive choice correct.

Common Pitfalls:

Self-heating due to measurement current can bias readings; always minimize current or correct for it. Nonlinearity requires linearization or table-based conversion.

Final Answer:

all of the above