Source connections — interpreting “series opposing” polarity Does the term “series opposing” mean that sources are in series with opposite polarities?

Introduction / Context:
When combining independent sources, polarity/orientation dictates the net voltage. The phrase “series aiding” or “series opposing” commonly appears in power systems, batteries, and signal sources connected in series. Understanding it prevents wiring mistakes and miscomputed net voltages.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two or more ideal voltage sources placed in series.
• Polarity marks (+/−) referenced consistently along the loop.

Concept / Approach:
“Series opposing” explicitly means the sources are oriented so that one’s positive terminal faces the other’s positive (or one negative faces the other negative) along the series path, causing their voltages to subtract. Conversely, “series aiding” places opposite terminals together so voltages add. The resultant source equals algebraic sum with sign set by assumed current/loop orientation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Apply KVL around the loop; voltage rises and drops corresponding to source polarities yield subtraction for opposing orientation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Answering “False” would deny the standard definition used in texts and manufacturer battery-pack guidelines.

Common Pitfalls:
Reversing a cell inadvertently in a battery string—this forces the pack to work against itself and can overheat the reversed cell; always verify polarity labels.

Final Answer:
True