Air pollution impacts: What are the principal environmental and health effects associated with sulphur dioxide (SO2) in industrial stack emissions?
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ARespiratory and lung disease only
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BReduced plant productivity due to acid rain only
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CCorrosion of building materials only
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DAll of the above (health, plants, materials)
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ENo significant effect at any realistic concentration
Answer
Correct Answer: All of the above (health, plants, materials)
Explanation
Introduction:SO2 is a key regulated pollutant from combustion of sulfur-containing fuels. It affects human health, vegetation, and infrastructure.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Industrial chimney exhaust containing SO2.
- Ambient exposure scenarios.
- Typical concentrations of concern in pollution control.
Concept / Approach:SO2 irritates respiratory pathways, can form acid rain via oxidation to sulfuric acid, and corrodes materials including metals, concrete, and historical monuments.
Step-by-Step Solution:Step 1: Health: SO2 aggravates asthma and reduces lung function.Step 2: Vegetation: Acid deposition damages leaves and soils, lowering productivity.Step 3: Materials: Acidic species corrode metals and stone.
Verification / Alternative check:Air quality standards include SO2 limits to protect public health and ecosystems.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Single-effect options ignore the documented multi-domain impacts; claiming no effect is incorrect.
Common Pitfalls:Assuming SO2 impact is limited to smell; secondary formation (acid rain, sulfates) broadens damage.
Final Answer:All of the above