Structured design aims to produce programs that exhibit which qualities and test approach?

Introduction / Context:
Structured design emphasizes clear module boundaries, low coupling, and high cohesion. The main outcomes are programs that are easier to understand and maintain. Although bottom-up testing is common for modules, structured design does not mandate a single exclusive testing direction; both top-down and bottom-up strategies may be applied depending on context.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Modules have single, well-defined responsibilities.
• Interfaces are explicit, which simplifies reasoning about behavior.
• Testing strategy can vary with risk and architecture.

Concept / Approach:
Readable structure and disciplined decomposition reduce cognitive load and make change safer. Maintainability improves because localized modifications rarely ripple across the system. Testing can proceed bottom-up for utilities or top-down with stubs for orchestrators; neither is mandated solely by structured design, so the core guaranteed benefits are understandability and maintainability.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Method references on structured design highlight maintainability and clarity as primary benefits; specific test order is situational, confirming that only options A and B are universally true.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming a single testing approach fits all systems; mixing structured modules with hidden side effects undermines maintainability.

Final Answer:
A and B only.