In structural engineering, a member that is subjected to compressive stress along (i.e., parallel to) its longitudinal axis is generally referred to by which common name?

Introduction / Context:
Compression members are fundamental in steel, concrete, and timber structures. Different industries and regions use various names for members that primarily carry axial compressive force parallel to their longitudinal axis. Recognizing synonymous terms helps with interpreting codes, specifications, and legacy drawings.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The member carries compressive stress aligned with its length.
• Terminology may vary with orientation (vertical or inclined), material, and regional practice.
• Options list common names used in design and construction.

Concept / Approach:
A vertical compression member in building frames is commonly called a column. In British practice, the term stanchion is also used for a similar role. In timber construction, post is a frequent term for vertical compression members. A strut is a more general term for any compression member that may be inclined (such as in trusses or bracing). All of these refer to members chiefly resisting axial compression along their length, even if detailing and end conditions differ.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the load nature: compressive, parallel to the member axis.Map common terms: column (vertical), stanchion (British usage for column), post (timber or general vertical), strut (inclined or bracing compression member).Conclude that all listed terms can describe such a member depending on context.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard texts and codes reference columns and struts as compression members; historical literature and UK standards frequently use stanchion. Architectural and structural timber documents use post for vertical compression members. Context clarifies which specific term is preferred, but all describe axial compression members.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Choosing only one term ignores legitimate variants across materials and regions.

Common Pitfalls:

• Assuming strut must be horizontal (it is usually inclined or any non-vertical compression member).
• Thinking post applies only to temporary shoring; it is also a permanent timber term.

Final Answer:
All the above.