In aviation meteorology and operations, which instrument/scale is used to quantify the strength (intensity) of surface winds for reporting and design reference?

Introduction / Context:
Wind information influences runway selection, declared distances, and operational safety. While anemometers measure speed numerically, the Beaufort scale provides a qualitative–quantitative descriptor of wind strength based on observed effects, standardized for reporting and general reference. This question targets the commonly cited scale for “strength of winds.”

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Focus is on wind strength/intensity categorization.
• Airport surface observations often include both instrumented readings and descriptive terms (e.g., “fresh breeze”).

Concept / Approach:
The Beaufort scale assigns integers (0–12 or extended) corresponding to ranges of wind speed and associated sea/land effects. It is widely used as a descriptive standard. A windsock primarily indicates direction and gives a rough visual sense of speed; barometers measure air pressure, not wind speed/strength.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the item that directly encodes wind strength: the Beaufort scale.Exclude devices that indicate direction (windsock) or pressure (barometer).Select “Beaufort scale.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Weather services may report winds in knots plus the Beaufort descriptor; training syllabi routinely connect “strength of wind” to the Beaufort scale.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Windsock: mainly a direction indicator with approximate speed cues.
• Barometers: measure atmospheric pressure, unrelated to wind magnitude.
• None: incorrect because Beaufort scale exists and is standard.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the measurement device (anemometer) with the descriptive scale; overlooking that “strength” here refers to categorized intensity.

Final Answer:
Beaufort scale