Genomic capacity in pathogens: Which bacterial species is noted for carrying approximately 250 genes dedicated to lipid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism?

Introduction / Context:
Pathogens differ remarkably in genome content and metabolic breadth. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis, is biochemically specialized for lipid-rich cell envelope construction and host adaptation. This specialization is reflected in a disproportionately large set of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and catabolism.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• One organism among the options has around 250 lipid-related genes.
• Mycobacterial envelopes are rich in mycolic acids and complex lipids.
• Minimal genome organisms (e.g., M. genitalium) have far fewer metabolic genes.

Concept / Approach:

M. tuberculosis devotes substantial genomic real estate to fatty acid synthases, polyketide synthases, transporters, and modifying enzymes required to build a thick, waxy cell wall. This correlates with virulence, persistence, and resistance to many antibiotics and stresses.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Comparative genomics studies consistently report expanded lipid metabolism gene families in M. tuberculosis relative to many bacteria.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

M. genitalium: minimal genome model with few metabolic pathways.

E. coli and H. influenzae: versatile but without such an extreme lipid gene expansion.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming genome size alone predicts pathway counts; instead, pathway emphasis reflects ecological niche and cell envelope architecture.

Final Answer:

M. tuberculosis