From genome to function: Which genomics subfield focuses on the transcripts and proteins that are actually expressed by a genome (i.e., expression and function rather than sequence alone)?

Introduction / Context:
Beyond determining DNA sequence, modern biology asks which genes are expressed, when, and how those products behave. The subfield that integrates transcript and protein information to link genotype to phenotype is functional genomics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Question asks about “transcripts and proteins expressed by a genome.”
• We distinguish among comparative, structural, and other terms.
• Only one option best captures this scope.

Concept / Approach:

Functional genomics encompasses transcriptomics (RNA expression), proteomics (protein abundance/modification), and often epigenomics, to understand gene function and regulation in context. It uses high-throughput assays (RNA-seq, mass spectrometry) and perturbation screens to map networks and pathways.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Common definitions of functional genomics include systematic measurement of RNA/protein output and linking this to cellular function.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Comparative genomics: DNA sequence comparison across species.

Structural genomics: high-throughput determination of protein structures.

“Proteo genomics”: specialized integration of proteomics with genomics; not the standard umbrella for expression studies.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing proteomics with the broader field; functional genomics integrates multiple data types to infer function.

Final Answer:

Functional genomics