English grammar error-spotting (logical cause–result with ‘‘because of’’ vs ‘‘but for’’): Read the parts and choose the erroneous one; ‘‘No error’’ only if all are correct: ‘‘Because of the emergency help / that the patient received / he would have died / No error.’

Given data

• A starts with ‘‘Because of …’’ (cause), but C states ‘‘he would have died’’ (counterfactual consequence).

Concept / Approach‘‘Because of’’ should introduce a real cause for a real outcome, e.g., ‘‘Because of the emergency help … he survived.’’ To express a negative hypothetical avoided by that help, use ‘‘But for/If it had not been for … he would have died.’’

CorrectionOption 1 (real result): ‘‘Because of the emergency help …, he survived.’’Option 2 (counterfactual avoided): ‘‘But for the emergency help …, he would have died.’’

Common pitfalls

• Pairing ‘‘because of’’ with a counterfactual ‘‘would have …’’ result.

Final AnswerBecause of the emergency help