Statement: “A society is in danger when those who have never learned to obey are given the right to command.” Assumptions I & II: I. A good commander should be disciplined (has learned to obey). II. The speaker has witnessed societal vices being controlled by undisciplined leaders. Choose the option that correctly identifies the implicit assumption(s).

Introduction / Context:
The aphorism links fitness to command with prior discipline. It warns of danger when command is handed to those lacking the formative experience of obedience.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I. Effective command presupposes discipline—learning to obey before leading.
• II. The speaker has specifically observed undisciplined leaders handling societal vices.

Concept / Approach:
The general warning requires only a normative premise about leadership qualities (I). It does not require autobiographical evidence or specific experiences (II).

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) “Danger when non-obedient command” implies: good command derives from discipline and obedience training (I).2) The statement is a principle, not a report of witnessed events; II is unnecessary.

Verification / Alternative check:
The maxim remains valid as advice even if the speaker has never observed such cases personally.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only II/Either/Both: add contingent facts not required for the normative claim. Neither: ignores the leadership-requires-discipline premise.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing normative aphorisms with empirical testimony.

Final Answer:
Only assumption I is implicit.