Statement: “A society is in danger when those who have never learned to obey are given the right to command.”\nAssumptions I & II:\nI. A good commander should be disciplined (has learned to obey).\nII. The speaker has witnessed societal vices being controlled by undisciplined leaders.\nChoose the option that correctly identifies the implicit assumption(s).

Introduction / Context:
The aphorism links fitness to command with prior discipline. It warns of danger when command is handed to those lacking the formative experience of obedience.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I. Effective command presupposes discipline—learning to obey before leading.
• II. The speaker has specifically observed undisciplined leaders handling societal vices.

Concept / Approach:
The general warning requires only a normative premise about leadership qualities (I). It does not require autobiographical evidence or specific experiences (II).

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) “Danger when non-obedient command” implies: good command derives from discipline and obedience training (I).2) The statement is a principle, not a report of witnessed events; II is unnecessary.

Verification / Alternative check:
The maxim remains valid as advice even if the speaker has never observed such cases personally.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only II/Either/Both: add contingent facts not required for the normative claim. Neither: ignores the leadership-requires-discipline premise.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing normative aphorisms with empirical testimony.

Final Answer:
Only assumption I is implicit.