Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: None
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
This is a classic statement–assumption item. A senior officer cautions recruits to act carefully “so that society does not adversely comment on the police leadership.” We must test which background beliefs are necessary for the advice to make sense. Importantly, the statement is a prudential warning about reputation management; it is not a sociological treatise about public behavior or a claim that citizens judge perfectly.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
An assumption is implicit only if, without it, the statement becomes pointless or incoherent. The caution is compatible with many worlds: high or low trust, fair or unfair judgments, frequent or infrequent criticism. The advice aims to avoid negative commentary, not to declare that such commentary is inevitable or infallible.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) The officer asks recruits to be careful. This is rational even if society rarely criticizes (so I is not necessary) because vigilance still helps avoid preventable reputational damage.2) The statement does not require that trust is presently low (II). Even with high trust, imprudent actions could spark new criticism; thus the advice retains purpose.3) The advice does not claim society judges accurately (III). It merely notes the existence and potential impact of adverse comments, which might be fair or unfair; accuracy is not presupposed.4) Therefore none of I, II, or III is strictly required for the advisory to make sense.
Verification / Alternative check:
If society were generally supportive (contrary to I and II) and sometimes inaccurate in judgment (contrary to III), the officer’s “be careful” still remains sensible. The advice is precautionary under uncertainty.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I and II/Only II and III/Only I and III: each loads the statement with extra claims not needed. “Both I and II” likewise overcommits. “None” captures the minimal reading.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “be careful to avoid criticism” with “people always criticize” or “people judge correctly.”
Final Answer:
None.
Discussion & Comments