Single-point tool nomenclature: The angle between the flank surface immediately below the tool point and a line drawn from the point perpendicular to the base (reference plane) is termed the

Introduction / Context:
Relief (clearance) angles prevent rubbing between the tool flank and the newly generated work surface. Proper identification of end versus side relief is crucial for tool grinding and for avoiding excessive wear or chatter.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard ASA/ISO tool signature conventions.
• Plan and side views used to define rake and relief angles.
• Reference plane is the base or machine reference for angle measurement.

Concept / Approach:
End relief angle is measured on the end flank beneath the tool nose relative to a line perpendicular to the base; side relief is measured on the side flank beneath the main cutting edge. Rake angles (back and side) refer to the rake face and influence chip flow, not clearance behind the cutting edge.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare with side relief definition; it references the side flank and the main cutting edge direction, distinguishing it from the end relief at the nose.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Side relief: relates to the side flank, not the end flank.
• Back/side rake: chip-flow angles, not clearance angles.
• Inclination angle: different standard parameter in ISO nomenclature.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “relief” (clearance) with “rake” (chip flow); they serve different purposes and are measured on different faces.

Final Answer:
end relief angle