Oblique cutting mechanics — where does maximum chip thickness occur? In oblique cutting (tool cutting edge inclined to the feed direction), the chip does not form uniformly across the width. Where is the maximum chip thickness observed?

Introduction / Context:
In metal cutting, orthogonal cutting assumes a straight cutting edge perpendicular to the cutting velocity, producing uniform chip thickness across width. Oblique cutting tilts the edge and introduces a more complex three-dimensional flow, altering chip thickness distribution.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Single-point tool with oblique cutting angle (inclination of the cutting edge).
• Steady cutting conditions and homogeneous work material.
• No built-up edge for simplicity.

Concept / Approach:
With obliquity, chip flow is helical and side-flow occurs. The resultant shear plane orientation and chip flow angle cause nonuniform chip load along the edge. As a result, the maximum chip thickness does not necessarily coincide with the geometric mid-width; it can shift toward the leading or trailing side depending on inclination and rake distribution.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify that oblique cutting breaks the symmetry of orthogonal cutting.Recognize chip flow angle causing side spread and nonuniform loading.Conclude that maximum chip thickness may not be at the middle; its position depends on obliquity and local geometry.

Verification / Alternative check:
High-speed imaging and chip morphology studies show chip thickness and contact pressure concentration away from the midspan in oblique cuts.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Claiming ‘‘always middle’’ ignores obliquity; asserting dependence only on tool material or only on angles oversimplifies—obliquity, rake variations, and feed direction jointly decide the distribution.

Common Pitfalls:
Applying orthogonal cutting intuition directly to oblique cutting; neglecting the side-flow component.

Final Answer:
It may not occur at the middle (location shifts due to obliquity)