Atomic structure of silicon: How many protons are present in the nucleus of a silicon (Si) atom?

Introduction / Context:
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus defines its atomic number and uniquely identifies the element. Silicon is the fundamental material of modern electronics, so recalling its atomic number helps contextualize doping levels, valence electrons, and periodic table placement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Element: silicon (chemical symbol Si).
• Atomic number equals number of protons.
• Standard periodic table conventions apply.

Concept / Approach:
Atomic number Z is the count of protons in the nucleus. For silicon, Z = 14. This also implies 14 electrons in a neutral atom and a valence shell configuration that explains its tetravalent bonding and semiconductor behavior.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify silicon on the periodic table: period 3, group 14.Read atomic number Z = 14.Conclude the nucleus contains 14 protons.

Verification / Alternative check:
Chemical behavior (four valence electrons) and common isotopes (e.g., Si-28, Si-29, Si-30) are consistent with Z = 14; isotopes vary in neutrons, not protons.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
4: corresponds to Be (beryllium).29: corresponds to Cu (copper).48: corresponds to Cd (cadmium).None of the above: incorrect because 14 is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing mass number (protons + neutrons) with atomic number; mixing silicon with other group-14 elements (C=6, Ge=32, Sn=50, Pb=82).

Final Answer:
14