In atomic and electrical terminology, what defines a positive ion? Choose the option that accurately describes the change in the atom’s charged particles.

Introduction / Context:
Ionization refers to the process by which a neutral atom becomes charged by gaining or losing electrons. Positive and negative ions are foundational ideas in chemistry, physics, and electronics, affecting conduction in gases, electrolytes, and semiconductors.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Neutral atoms contain equal numbers of protons (positive) and electrons (negative).
• Ionization here involves electron transfer, not nuclear changes.
• Proton count remains fixed for a given element in typical electrical contexts.

Concept / Approach:
A positive ion (cation) results when an atom has fewer electrons than protons. Since electrons carry negative charge, removing one or more electrons leaves a net positive charge. Conversely, adding electrons produces a negative ion (anion). Nuclear changes to protons would alter elemental identity and are not considered in everyday electrical ionization.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Charge accounting: q = (+Z) + (−(Z − 1)) = +1 (in units of electron charge) after losing one electron, confirming a cation is formed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing electron loss with proton loss; forgetting that it is the electron population that changes in ordinary ionization while the nucleus stays the same.

Final Answer:
Lost an electron.