In a shaper, during which stroke is metal actually removed? Consider the standard quick-return shaper mechanism. Identify the stroke during which cutting takes place and chips are formed.

Introduction / Context:
A shaper produces flat surfaces by reciprocating a single-point tool over a stationary work. The quick-return mechanism makes the non-cutting return stroke faster to reduce idle time.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional shaper with clapper box on the tool head.
• Tool set with proper rake and clearance angles.
• Feed is given at the end of each cycle.

Concept / Approach:
In a typical shaper, cutting is performed during the forward stroke. The clapper box allows the tool to lift or swing slightly on the return stroke to avoid rubbing against the newly machined surface, thus no cutting occurs on the return stroke. The quick-return linkage ensures the return is faster than the forward cutting stroke, improving productivity.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Manufacturer cycle diagrams show feed increment after the return stroke, confirming forward-only cutting.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Return stroke: non-cutting by design.Both/Neither: contradicts shaper operating principle.Clapper orientation: assists non-contact return but does not change which stroke cuts.

Common Pitfalls:
Setting tool incorrectly so it rubs on return stroke; failing to secure the clapper can mar the surface or chip the tool.

Final Answer:

Forward stroke