Within the SDLC, the development of user and operating procedures (how to run, use, and support the system) typically occurs in which phase?

Introduction / Context:
User and operating procedures are the practical “how-to” playbooks for running and using a new system—covering tasks such as startup, shutdown, exception handling, backups, and user workflows. Identifying when these procedures are finalized is essential for smooth deployment and training.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• SDLC phases include analysis, design, system building (coding/testing), conversion/implementation, and maintenance.
• Procedures must align with the actual implemented system and training activities.
• Documentation is refined near deployment when realities of the built system are known.

Concept / Approach:
Although procedure outlines may begin during design, complete and actionable procedures are produced and baselined during the conversion (implementation) phase, alongside training, data conversion, cutover planning, and acceptance testing. This timing ensures procedures match the system as built—not merely as designed.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recognize that procedures must reflect implemented behavior (post-build).Note that conversion includes user training and operational readiness activities.Therefore, procedure development is completed and issued during the conversion phase.

Verification / Alternative check:
Organizations typically use procedure manuals during go-live and training. These are finalized after testing confirms actual operation, which occurs just before or during conversion and cutover.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Structured design phase” focuses on architectural and detailed design specifications, not finalized procedures. “System building phase” centers on coding and unit/system tests; procedures are not yet stable. “Maintenance” occurs after go-live; procedures should already exist. “None of the above” is incorrect because “conversion phase” fits.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “drafting” with “finalizing.” Drafts may start earlier, but approved, trainable procedures are completed at conversion to reflect the real system and data flows.

Final Answer:
conversion phase