Each of the questions given below consists of a statement and / or a question and two statements numbered I and II given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statement(s) is / are sufficient to answer the given question. Read both the statements and Give answer (a) if the data in Statement I alone are sufficient to answer the question, while the data in Statement II alone are not sufficient to answer the question; Give answer (b) if the data in Statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question, while the data in Statement I alone are not sufficient to answer the question; Give answer (c) if the data either in Statement I or in Statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question; Give answer (d) if the data even in both Statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question; Give answer (e) if the data in both Statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question. Sapna's marks in Geography are 16 more than the average marks obtained by her in Mathematics, Science, English and Hindi. What are her marks in Geography? I. The maximum marks in each subject were 100. II. The total marks obtained by her in Mathematics, Science, English and Hindi were 250.

### Concept & Logic To find the exact value of a single variable that is defined in terms of an average of other variables, we only need the sum of those other variables. $$ \text{Geography} = 16 + \frac{\text{Math} + \text{Science} + \text{English} + \text{Hindi}}{4} $$ ### Step-by-Step Solution * **Analyze the Core Question:** Let $G$ be Geography marks, and let $S_4$ be the sum of marks in the other 4 subjects (Math, Science, English, Hindi). The equation is: $G = 16 + \frac{S_4}{4}$ To find $G$, we absolutely need the value of $S_4$. * **From Statement I:** We are told the maximum marks per subject is 100. This provides a theoretical upper limit but tells us nothing about Sapna's actual performance. Thus, Statement I alone is not sufficient. * **From Statement II:** We are given the total marks obtained in the 4 subjects ($S_4 = 250$). Substitute this directly into our core equation: $$ G = 16 + \frac{250}{4} = 16 + 62.5 = 78.5 $$ We can find a unique numerical value for her Geography marks. Thus, Statement II alone is sufficient. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Write the core relationship as a simple formula: $G = 16 + (\text{Sum}/4)$. Look at the unknown variable you need to solve it. You only need "Sum". Scan the statements to see if either provides the "Sum". Statement II explicitly hands you the sum of 250. You don't even need to do the $250/4$ arithmetic in a Data Sufficiency test; simply knowing you *have* the missing variable is enough to mark (b) and move on in 10 seconds. ### Common Pitfall A common trap is assuming that because maximum marks are standard (often out of 100), Statement I might be needed to "validate" the answer or calculate a percentage. Read carefully: the question asks for her *marks*, not her *percentage*. Maximum possible marks are irrelevant to finding actual marks achieved when an algebraic sum is provided. ### Final Answer **Therefore, the correct answer is Data in Statement II alone are sufficient.**