If Vandana’s income is 25% more than Aarti’s income, then Aarti’s income is how much percent less than Vandana’s?

Introduction / Context:
“More than” and “less than” percentages are not symmetric. If V is 25% more than A, then A is not 25% less than V. This item checks understanding of the reverse percentage relationship.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• V = 1.25A.
• Find (V − A)/V * 100.

Concept / Approach:
Compute A’s shortfall relative to V using V as the base (because the phrase asks “less than Vandana’s”). Then convert the fraction to a percentage.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Difference = V − A = 1.25A − A = 0.25ARelative to V: (V − A)/V = 0.25A / (1.25A) = 0.2Percentage = 0.2 * 100 = 20%

Verification / Alternative check:
Example: let A = 100; V = 125. A is 25 less than 125, which is 25/125 = 20% less.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
25% confuses symmetric change; 18%, 21%, 24% are arithmetic distractors not matching the ratio 100:125.

Common Pitfalls:
Using A as base by mistake, which answers a different question and yields 25%—not what was asked.

Final Answer:
20%