AND gate behavior: identify the true statement about a 2-input AND gate and how its output depends on the inputs.

Introduction / Context:
Logic gates implement Boolean operations used throughout digital electronics. The AND gate outputs a logic HIGH only when all of its inputs are HIGH. Knowing equivalent verbal formulations helps with quick reasoning, troubleshooting, and simplifying logic diagrams.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We consider a standard 2-input AND gate with one output.
• Inputs can be either LOW (0) or HIGH (1).
• Truth table for AND: 0·0=0, 0·1=0, 1·0=0, 1·1=1.

Concept / Approach:
For a 2-input AND gate, if one input is HIGH (1), the output equals the logical value of the remaining input. If one input is LOW (0), the output is forced LOW regardless of the other input. These properties follow directly from Boolean multiplication rules.

Step-by-Step Reasoning:
Let inputs be A and B, output X = A·B.If A = 1, then X = 1·B = B, so the output reflects B.If A = 0, then X = 0·B = 0, independent of B.Therefore the statement that a HIGH on one input makes the output follow the other input is correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check the truth table pairs (1,0)→0 and (1,1)→1; the output equals B in both cases when A = 1. Symmetrically, if B = 1, X equals A.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• “Two inputs and one output” is common but not universally true—AND gates can have 2 or more inputs; the statement is incomplete as an absolute.
• “Two or more inputs and two outputs” is incorrect; standard AND gates have a single output.
• “Eight input possibilities” is false for 2 inputs; there are 2^2 = 4 possible input combinations.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing AND with OR, where a single HIGH can produce a HIGH output.
• Assuming the number of inputs is always 2; practical ICs often provide 3- or 4-input ANDs.

Final Answer:
If one input to a 2-input AND gate is HIGH, the output reflects the other input.