Culture media design: what is the typical optimum range for glucose concentration in mammalian cell culture media (expressed in mmol per litre)?

Introduction / Context:
Glucose is a primary carbon source for mammalian cells. Standard media options range from “low glucose” (~5.5 mmol/L) to “high glucose” (~25 mmol/L). Understanding the practical concentration window informs feeding and control strategies to limit lactate accumulation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Low-glucose DMEM is ~5.5 mmol/L; high-glucose DMEM is ~25 mmol/L.
• Custom and fed-batch processes may transiently reach higher values, but typical setpoints fall within a manageable range.
• Excess glucose can drive lactate overflow and acidification.

Concept / Approach:
Select the option that brackets common practice from low to reasonably elevated concentrations used in process development and routine culture. 5.5–55 mmol/L covers standard media and certain fed-batch excursions without implying extreme, generally undesirable levels.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Manufacturer datasheets and process guidelines align with this operational window.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• B–D: Excessively high, typically detrimental to culture health.
• E: Too low for standard mammalian cell growth.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating higher glucose with better growth; ignoring the lactate penalty and osmolality impacts.

Final Answer:
5.5–55 mmol/L