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Beyond pH control, carbon dioxide (CO₂) contributes to mammalian cell culture metabolism in several ways. Which statements describe its roles?

Difficulty: Easy

CO₂ participates in de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines via one-carbon chemistry
CO₂ supports cellular respiration equilibria and gas exchange
CO₂, with bicarbonate, allows monitoring and stabilization of culture pH
All of the above
None of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above

Explanation:

Introduction / Context:
CO₂ is not merely an incubator setting; it is a metabolically relevant molecule in cultured cells. Through the bicarbonate buffer system and carboxylation reactions, CO₂ affects biosynthesis and homeostasis.

Given Data / Assumptions:

Bicarbonate-buffered media are used.
Cells require balanced carbon sources and proper pH.
Standard incubators regulate CO₂ around 5%.

Concept / Approach:
CO₂ dissolves to form carbonic acid, establishing the bicarbonate buffer that sets pH. It also serves as a carbon donor in carboxylation and contributes to biosynthetic pathways, including nucleotide synthesis. Proper CO₂ tension maintains physiological conditions for respiration and enzyme activities.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Recognize CO₂ as part of the buffer system (pH control and monitoring).Note its biochemical role in one-carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis.Acknowledge its role in gas exchange and respiration equilibria.

Verification / Alternative check:
Media datasheets and biochemistry texts describe both buffering and metabolic roles for CO₂/HCO₃⁻ systems, confirming the comprehensive answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Any single role alone is incomplete; “none” contradicts standard cell biology.

Common Pitfalls:
Viewing CO₂ as a pH knob only; neglecting its integration into cellular carbon flux.

Beyond pH control, carbon dioxide (CO₂) contributes to mammalian cell culture metabolism in several ways. Which statements describe its roles?

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