Negation conjunction: Statement: "Ram neither reads nor studies." Which pair of statements must be true?
Verbal Reasoning
Logical Deduction
Difficulty: Easy
Choose an option
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A(i) Ram reads. (iii) Ram studies.
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B(iii) Ram studies. (i) Ram reads.
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C(iii) Ram studies. (iv) Ram does not study.
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D(ii) Ram does not read. (iv) Ram does not study.
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: (ii) Ram does not read. (iv) Ram does not study.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:"Neither A nor B" means both negations are true. Applied here, Ram does not read and Ram does not study.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Original: Neither reads nor studies.
- Options list positive and negative forms.
Concept / Approach:Translate "neither/nor" to logical conjunction of negations: ¬Reads ∧ ¬Studies.
Step-by-Step Solution:
From the statement, (ii) "does not read" is true.Also, (iv) "does not study" is true.Therefore (ii) and (iv) together must hold.Verification / Alternative check:A truth table for "neither ... nor ..." confirms both components are false in their affirmative form and true in their negative form.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- (a) and (b) assert positives that contradict the stem.
- (c) mixes a positive with its negation which is impossible.
- None of these is incorrect because one pair does follow.
Common Pitfalls:Misreading "neither ... nor ..." as exclusive-or; it is a conjunction of negations.
Final Answer:(ii) and (iv)