Syllogism problems
- 1. Statements:
All men are aggressive.
All children are aggressive.
Conclusions:
I. Men are children.
II. Children are men.
Options- A. Only conclusion II follows
- B. Both conclusion I and conclusion II follow
- C. Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
- D. Only conclusion I follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All men are aggressive. ? Some aggressive are children.
A + I ? No Conclusion
- 2. Statements:
1. All goats are cows.
2. All cows are animals.
Conclusions:
I. All goats are animals.
II. All animals are goats.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusions I and II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All goats are cows. ? All cows are animals.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All goats are animals".
This is Conclusion I.
- 3. Statements:
Some cars are buses.
All cars are caves.
Conclusions:
I. Some caves are not buses.
II. Some caves are buses.
III. No cave is a bus.
IV. Some caves are cars.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Only Conclusions II and IV follow
- D. Only Conclusion IV follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusions II and IV follow
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
Some buses are cars. ? All cars are caves.
I + A ? I?type of Conclusion "Some buses are caves."
Conclusion II is the Converse of it.
Conclusion IV is Converse of the second Premise.
- 4. Statements:
1. Some girls are stars.
2. Meena is a girl.
Conclusions:
I. Meena is a star.
II. Some stars are not girls.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusions I and II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
Explanation:
Some girls (not all) are stars. Therefore, Meena may or may not be star.
From Affirmative sentences, we cannot derive Negative Conclusion.
Thus, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.
- 5. Statements:
1. Some teachers are followers.
2. Some followers are famous.
Conclusions:
I. Some teachers are famous.
II. Some followers are teachers.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusions I and II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.
Conclusion II is the Converse of the first Premise.
- 6. Statements:
Many books are rocks.
All rocks are clips.
Conclusions:
I. Some books are clips.
II. No rock is a book.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusion I and Conclusion II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusion I follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
Many (Some) books are rocks. ? All rocks are clips.
I + A ? I ? type of Conclusion "Some books are clips."
This is the Conclusion I.
- 7. Statements:
No man is a donkey.
Ajay is a man.
Conclusions:
I. Ajay is not a donkey.
II. All men are not Ajay.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusion I and Conclusion II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusion I follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
Ajay is a man. ? No man is a donkey.
A + E ? E?type of Conclusion "Ajay is not donkey."
This is Conclusion I.
- 8. Statements:
Some kings are queens.
All queens are beautiful.
Conclusions:
I. All kings are beautiful.
II. All queens are kings.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Either Conclusion I or II follows
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
Some kings are queens. ? All queens are beautiful.
I + A ? I?type of Conclusion "Some kings are beautiful."
Thus, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.
- 9. Statements:
1. All goats are tigers.
2. All tigers are lions.
Conclusions:
I. All tigers are goats.
II. All lions are tigers.
III. No goat is a lion.
IV. No lion is a goat.
Options- A. Only Conclusion III and IV follow
- B. Only Conclusion I and II follow
- C. None of the Conclusions follows
- D. All Conclusions follow Discuss
Correct Answer: None of the Conclusions follows
Explanation:
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A?type).
All goats are tigers. ? All tigers are lions.
A + A ? A?type of Conclusion "All goats are lions."
- 10. Statements:
Some cats are dogs.
All dogs are black.
Conclusions:
I. Some cats are black.
II. Some dogs are black.
Options- A. Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- B. Both Conclusions I and II follow
- C. Only Conclusion I follows
- D. Only Conclusion II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Both Conclusions I and II follow
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some cats are dogs. ? All dogs are black
I + A ? I - type of Conclusion "Some cats are black".
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is the Implication of the second Premise.
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