Syllogism problems
- 1. Statements:
All children are playful.
Some animals are playful.
Conclusions:
I. Some animals are children.
II. Some children are animals.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Neither I nor II follows
- C. Only II follows
- D. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither I nor II follows
Explanation:
We can align the premises by converting the second premise.
All children are playful. ? some playfuls are animals.
We know that,
A + I ? No conclusion.
- 2. Statements:
(a) Some skirts are benches.
(b) No bench is a table.
Conclusions:
I. Some skirts are tables.
II. Some benches are skirts.
III. All benches are skirts.
IV. Some tables are skirts.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Only II and IV follow
- D. Only I and III follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only II follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I - type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E - type).
Some skirts are benches. ? No bench is a table.
I + E ? O ? type of Conclusion "Some skirts are not tables."
Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise.
- 3. Statements:
(a) All pens are pencils.
(b) No pencil is monkey.
Conclusions:
I. No pen is monkey.
II. Some pens are monkeys.
III. All monkeys are pens.
IV. Some monkeys are pens.
Options- A. Either conclusion II or III follows
- B. Either conclusion II or IV follows
- C. Only conclusion I follows
- D. All conclusions follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
All pens are pencils. ? No pencil is monkey.
A + E = E-type of Conclusion "No pen is monkey".
This is Conclusion I.
- 4. Statements:
(a) All dogs are rats.
(b) All rats are crows.
(c) All crows are parrots.
Conclusions:
(I) All dogs are parrots.
(II) Some parrots are dogs.
(III) Some crows are dogs.
(IV) All rats are dogs.
Options- A. Only (I) and (II) follow
- B. Only (I), (II) and (III) follow
- C. Either (II) or (IV) follow
- D. Either (I) or (II) or (III) follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only (I), (II) and (III) follow
Explanation:
All the three Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All dogs are rats. ? All rats are crows.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All dogs are crows."
Conclusion III is converse of it.
All rats are crows. ? All crows are parrots.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All rats are parrots."
All dogs are crows. ? All crows are parrots.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All dogs are parrots."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is converse of it.
- 5. Statements:
(a) All animals are dogs.
(b) All dogs are birds.
Conclusions:
I. All animals are birds.
II. All birds are animals.
Options- A. Only Conclusion I follows
- B. Only Conclusion II follows
- C. Both Conclusions I and II follow
- D. Neither Conclusion I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only Conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type).
All animals are dogs. ? All dogs are birds.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All animals are birds."
It is Conclusion I.
- 6. Statements:
Some phones are watches.
All watches are guns.
Conclusions:
I. All guns are watches.
II. Some guns are Phones.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only II follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I ? type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some phones are watches. ? All watches are guns.
I + A ? I - type of Conclusion "Some phones are guns".
Conclusion II is Converse of this Conclusion.
- 7. Statements:
(a) All students like excursions.
(b) Some students like Laboratory experiments.
Conclusions:
(I) Students who like Laboratory experiments also like excursions.
(II) Some students do not like Laboratory experiments but likes excursion.
Options- A. Only (I) follows
- B. Only (II) follows
- C. Conclusions (I) and (II) follow
- D. Neither (I) nor (II) follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Conclusions (I) and (II) follow
Explanation:
Some is a part of All. Therefore, conclusion I follows. Since all students like excursion, therefore, Conclusion II also follows .
- 8. Statement:
Some dogs bark.
All dogs bite.
Conclusions:
I. Those dogs who do not bark, also bite.
II. Those dogs who do not bark, not necessarily bite.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I follows
Explanation:
Only Conclusion I follows :
Some who bark are dogs.
All dogs bite.
It means those dogs who do not bark, also bite.
- 9. Statements:
(a) Some humane creatures are angels.
(b) All doctors are angels.
Conclusions:
I. Some humane creatures are doctors.
II. Some doctors are humane creatures.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither I nor II follows
Explanation:
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All doctors are angels. ? Some angels are human creatures.
A + I = No Conclusion
- 10. Statement:
No children are voters.
Conclusions:
I. All adults are voters.
II. No voters are children.
Options- A. Only conclusion I follows
- B. Only conclusion II follows
- C. Both conclusions I and II follow
- D. Neither conclusion I nor II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
The given statement is Universal Negative (E-type).
Conclusion II is Converse of it.
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