Polymer expansion in materials science: The abbreviation “PVC,” widely used in pipes, cables, and flooring, correctly expands to which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
Proper expansion of polymer abbreviations is fundamental for engineers specifying materials. PVC is one of the most common thermoplastics used in construction and electrical installations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• PVC must be identified by its correct chemical name.
• No calculation is required; it is a terminology check.

Concept / Approach:
PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. It is produced by polymerising vinyl chloride monomer and is known for chemical resistance, good electrical insulation, and flame retardancy (due to chlorine content). It is used as uPVC (unplasticised) for pipes and window profiles, and as plasticised PVC for cables and flexible flooring.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Polymer handbooks and standards list PVC as polyvinyl chloride; the vinyl chloride monomer formula is CH2=CHCl prior to polymerisation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Polythene vinyl chloride: mixes polyethylene with PVC; incorrect.
• Polyvinyl carbon / carbide: not standard polymer names and chemically incorrect for PVC.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing PVC with PE (polyethylene) or PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride).

Final Answer:
Polyvinyl chloride