Oceanography — Tidal Theories The “progressive wave” (dynamic) theory of tides was proposed by which scientist?

Introduction / Context:
Tidal theory in geography contrasts the equilibrium (static) view with the dynamic or progressive-wave view. Exams often ask you to match the key proponent with the correct theory. Knowing these names helps link ideas across physics and oceanography history.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We must identify the proponent of the progressive-wave (dynamic) approach.
• Other listed scientists are associated with different contributions.
• The question is conceptual, not computational.

Concept / Approach:

Sir William Whewell in the 19th century advanced the dynamic theory of tides, treating tides as waves affected by ocean-basin geometry and Earth’s rotation, rather than a purely static bulge. Isaac Newton formulated the gravitational (equilibrium) theory. G.B. Airy contributed to wave and tide analysis but is not credited with originating the progressive-wave theory. R.A. Harris is not the canonical answer in school-level references for this theory’s origin.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Differentiate theories: equilibrium (Newton) vs dynamic/progressive (Whewell).Match names to theories.Select William Whewell as the author of the progressive-wave view.

Verification / Alternative check:

Historical oceanography summaries credit Whewell’s cotidal charts and dynamic interpretation as foundational, confirming the attribution.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Isaac Newton: Equilibrium theory originator, not progressive-wave.G.B. Airy / R.A. Harris: Important scientists, but not the primary names tied to this origin in standard curricula.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming the most famous name (Newton) fits every tide question. Distinguish equilibrium (Newton) from dynamic (Whewell).

Final Answer:

William Whewell