Weathering Processes — Chemical Reactions The chemical reaction in which compounds combine with oxygen (often producing oxides) is called:

Introduction / Context:
In geomorphology and chemistry, naming weathering reactions correctly is vital. Several processes alter minerals: oxidation, hydrolysis, carbonation, and solution. This item asks you to identify the specific process involving oxygen addition or electron loss.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We focus on reactions with oxygen.
• Context may be rocks/minerals (e.g., iron-bearing minerals rusting).
• We only need the correct term, not the detailed mechanism.

Concept / Approach:

Oxidation is the process where a substance combines with oxygen or loses electrons. In weathering, iron-rich minerals oxidize to form iron oxides/hydroxides (rust), giving soils reddish hues. Hydrolysis is reaction with water causing decomposition; carbonation involves carbonic acid action; solution refers to dissolving into a solvent. Only oxidation explicitly denotes oxygen combination or electron loss as the defining feature.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Identify keyword: “with oxygen.”Map to process: oxidation = oxygen gain/electron loss.Eliminate hydrolysis (water), carbonation (CO2/H2CO3), solution (dissolving).Choose “oxidation.”

Verification / Alternative check:

Common examples include oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) to iron oxides and oxidation of basalt minerals, affirming the terminology.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

hydrolysis: Water-driven decomposition; not oxygen-specific.carbonation: Reaction with carbonic acid/CO2.solution: Physical dissolving; not necessarily a chemical redox change.

Common Pitfalls:

Thinking all chemical weathering is “oxidation.” Many reactions occur; read the reagent (oxygen, water, carbonic acid) to identify the process.

Final Answer:

oxidation