Classification (derivation vs cause): Three pairs denote a product obtained from a source material; one pair denotes a cause leading to an outcome. Identify the odd pair.

Introduction / Context:
In classification items, exam setters often contrast derivational or production relations with causal relations. A production relation indicates that the second item can be obtained from or produced using the first (for example, wine from grapes). A causal relation indicates that the first item is a cause or contributor to the second (for example, disease can lead to death). The task is to separate product from source versus cause leading to effect.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pairs: Milk : Butter, Grape : Wine, Water : Oxygen, Death : Disease.
• Production examples: butter is made from milk through churning and separation; wine is fermented from grapes.
• Decomposition or extraction example: oxygen may be obtained from water via electrolysis, although oxygen is a component rather than a conventional “product” in daily life.

Concept / Approach:
Group the pairs by relation type. If the second item is manufactured, processed, or extracted from the first, it belongs to the product from source category. If the second item is an outcome that results from the first as a cause, it is a cause effect relation and thus the exception in a production themed set.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Try to rephrase as “Y is obtained from X.” This works naturally for butter from milk and wine from grapes. It can be interpreted for oxygen from water in a scientific context. It does not work for “disease from death” or “death from disease” within a product framework; it is cause effect, not production.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
A common confusion is to reject water : oxygen because oxygen is a component rather than a commercial product. However, in classification tests, extraction is accepted as a kind of “obtained from” relation. The true outlier is the causal pair.

Final Answer:
Death : Disease